#jou4 #aktivite1
Lang kreyòl se yon pwodwi melanj istorik ak kiltirèl ki sòti nan peryòd esklavaj la, e li gen rasin nan lang Afriken ak Ewopeyen, sitou franse. Li te pran nesans li nan koloni tankou Ayiti nan fen 17yèm syèk la, kote plizyè gwoup etnik Afriken te vin kontre ak kolon franse yo. Pandan tan sa a, esklav Afriken yo te oblije aprann kominike ak mèt kolon yo, men tou ak lòt esklav ki te soti nan divès peyi ak tradisyon lang diferan. Kòm rezilta, yon lang melanje te devlope, ki te baze sou lang franse men ki te pran anpil mo ak eleman gramatikal nan lang Afriken yo, espesyalman sa ki soti nan Gwoup Bantou ak Niger-Congo.
Kreyòl Ayisyen te vin devlope kòm yon lang endepandan lè esklav yo te libere pandan Revolisyon Ayisyèn lan (1791-1804). Pandan peryòd sa a, lang lan te vin sèvi kòm zouti prensipal pou kominikasyon nan mitan popilasyon an. Li te devlope sitou nan kontèks kote franse te lang administrasyon ak edikasyon, men kreyòl te vin tounen lang pifò moun yo itilize nan lavi chak jou.
Avan kreyòl te vin tounen sa nou konnen jodi a, li te gen plizyè non diferan, tankou "Lang Neg" oswa "Lang Manman" nan peryòd kolonizasyon an, ki te itil pou idantifye lang moun nwa yo pale nan mitan kolon yo.
Pèp k ap viv sou zile yo te fè pati nan pwosesis sa a; se yo ki te pote lang natif natal yo ak eritaj Afriken an. Sa vin rann kreyòl pi rich, paske li kontinye evolye an fonksyon de bezwen kominote Ayisyèn nan. Jodi a, kreyòl se youn nan senbòl endepandans Ayiti ak rezistans li, e li jwe yon wòl enpòtan nan idantite nasyonal pèp Ayisyen.
Lang kreyòl jodi a genyen yon gwo anplè, e gen plis ke 10 milyon moun ki pale li . Li rekonèt kòm youn nan de lang ofisyèl Ayiti (ansanm ak franse), epi li sèvi kòm mwayen prensipal kominikasyon pou moun ki abite nan zòn riral ak nan vil. Kreyòl se pa sèlman yon lang, men li se yon pon ant jenerasyon, kilti, ak yon fòs ki fè nasyon Ayiti kenbe rasin li byen fò.
Men kèk sous :
1. Sylvain, Suzanne Comhaire (1936) - (Haitian Creole: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary). Yon liv referans sou lang kreyòl ki dekri orijin, devlopman, ak estrikti gramatikal lang lan.
2. Fattier, Dominique (1998) - (Contribution à l'étude du créole haïtien: Description et analyse d'un parler de référence, le créole de Port-au-Prince). Yon rechèch sou lang kreyòl Port-au-Prince, ki analize orijin li ak relasyon li ak franse.
3. Lefebvre, Claire (1998) - (Creole Genesis and the Acquisition of Grammar: The Case of Haitian Creole). Liv sa a etidye kijan kreyòl devlope kòm yon lang plen an konparezon ak lòt lang kreyòl nan Karayib la.
4. Hall, Robert A. (1953) - (Haitian Creole: Grammar and Vocabulary). Yon liv ki bay yon deskripsyon detaye sou gramè ak vokabilè kreyòl Ayisyen.
5. DeGraff, Michel (2005) - (Linguists’ most dangerous myth: The fallacy of Creole Exceptionalism." Language in Society). Atik sa a diskite sou fason kreyòl yo pa diferan fondamantalman de lòt lang natirèl epi kritike mit sou "eksepsyonalis kreyòl la."
6. Valdman, Albert (1988) - (Haitian Creole: Structure, Variation, Status). Yon liv ki trete diferan aspè sosyal ak estriktirèl lang kreyòl Ayisyen.
Kèk nan sous sa yo disponib nan bibliyotèk, ak inivèsite ki gen pwogram lengwistik ki espesyalize nan lang kreyòl
#konkou #kreyòl #kwaaze
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